Tornado

Why it matters

Tornadoes strike with devastating speed, leaving little time to react when warnings sound. Knowing how to identify safe shelter locations, interpret weather alerts, and secure property can dramatically improve survival odds during these violent storms. ​

Preparing Your Home for a Tornado

Preparing ahead of time helps you act quickly and confidently if severe weather strikes. Knowing where to shelter, how to receive alerts, and what supplies to keep on hand can make a critical difference during a fast-moving storm.

Reinforce Your Home

• Secure windows and doors: Install impact-resistant windows or storm shutters.
• Anchor the roof: Use hurricane clips or straps to better connect the roof to the walls and the walls to the foundation.
• Reinforce your garage door with a bracing kit or replace with a wind-rated door, garage failure often leads to major roof damage.
• Anchor outdoor furniture, swingsets and grills: Use straps, sandbags, or bring them inside before severe weather hits.
• Secure sheds and outbuildings: Make sure smaller structures are anchored to the ground or reinforced to resist wind uplift.
• Trim trees and shrubs to reduce the risk of falling branches.
• Take photos of every room, particularly with areas of expensive items, and ensure they’re stored in the cloud or emailed to someone. These photos will be useful if insurance claims are needed after the event.

Create a Safe Room

• Identify a safe room in your home, such as a basement or an interior room on the lowest floor. Check out the downloadable FEMA PDF on safe rooms during tornadoes and hurricanes.
• Ensure Ventilation: Make sure it’s well-ventilated and free of clutter.
• Consider reinforcing the walls and ceiling of the safe room.

Prepare an Emergency Kit

• Stock essential supplies, ideally in a backpack or duffle bag in case you need to evacuate. Include water, non-perishable food, a first-aid kit, a flashlight or headlamp, a crank radio/phone charger, medications, important documents, and a change of clothes for each person in your family.
• Have protective helmets or headgear like motorcycle, skiing, or bicycle helmets for every person in your household to wear during a tornado threat. The majority of deaths during tornadoes are due to head trauma.
• If you have animals, include copies of their vaccination records and food for a few days if you need to go to a shelter.

Prepare Your Family

• Practice tornado drills: Run regular practice sessions with your family so everyone knows exactly where to go and what to grab.
• Sign up for weather alerts: Use NOAA Weather Radio, Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEA), or apps like Weather Underground or Red Cross Tornado.
• Keep important documents safe: Store copies of IDs, insurance, and medical records in a waterproof container or digital backup.
• See FEMA’s page on Tornado Preparedness for more information.

Signs a Tornado May Be Imminent

Tornadoes sometimes form with little warning, but there are several visual and environmental signs that severe weather may be producing a tornado.

If you observe any of these signs, seek shelter immediately and monitor official weather alerts.

Dark or greenish skies

Severe thunderstorms capable of producing tornadoes often create unusually dark clouds or a greenish tint in the sky.

Large hail or intense thunderstorms

Strong rotating storms that produce large hail can also produce tornadoes.

A loud, continuous roar

Many survivors describe the sound of an approaching tornado as similar to a freight train or jet engine.

Rotating or lowering cloud formations

A rotating wall cloud or funnel cloud extending downward from a storm can indicate a developing tornado.

Debris or dust swirling on the ground

Even if you cannot see a funnel cloud, debris being lifted and spinning in the air may indicate a tornado on the ground.

Sudden calm after intense wind or hail

A sudden drop in wind or rainfall during a severe storm can sometimes occur just before a tornado forms.

During a Tornado

Tornado Shelter Rule of Thumb: Lowest Level • Interior Room • No Windows

If a tornado warning is issued or a tornado is approaching, take shelter immediately. Move to your designated safe location, stay away from windows, and protect your head and neck if possible. Acting quickly and following your plan can significantly improve your safety during the storm.

In a House

If you’re in a single-family home:

Best options

• Basement or storm cellar
• If a basement isn’t available, an interior bathroom with a bathtub can provide some protection from debris. Lie in the tub and cover your head and neck with a mattress, thick blankets, or cushions if possible.
• Under a sturdy table, workbench, or staircase if available

Additional tips

• Avoid windows, glass doors, and exterior walls
• Bring helmets, pillows, or thick blankets to protect your head and neck
• If possible, keep shoes on in case you need to move through debris afterward

In an Apartment or Condo

Apartments can be trickier, especially if you live on an upper floor.

Best options

• Basement or designated storm shelter if the building has one
• Interior hallway or stairwell on the lowest floor
• A small interior room such as a bathroom or closet.
• Bathtubs are often mentioned for tornado safety, but the protection comes from being in a small, interior bathroom surrounded by walls, not the bathtub itself.

Additional tips

• Move to the lowest level available in the building if time allows
• Stay away from windows and balconies
• Avoid elevators during severe weather

In a Mobile Home

Mobile homes are not safe during tornadoes, even if they are tied down.

Safer options

• Move to a nearby sturdy building
• Use a designated community storm shelter
• If available, go to a basement or interior room in a nearby structure
• If no shelter is available, lie flat in a low ditch or depression, covering your head.

When Traveling or in Public Places

If you’re away from home when a tornado warning is issued:

In a store, school, or office

• Go to the lowest floor
• Move to an interior hallway, stairwell, or restroom
• Stay away from large open rooms (gyms, auditoriums, warehouses)

In a hotel

• Interior hallway on the lowest floor
• Bathroom or closet away from windows

If You’re Driving

Cars provide very little protection from tornadoes.

If possible:

• Drive to the nearest sturdy building and go inside
• Avoid overpasses and bridges (they create dangerous wind tunnels)

If you cannot reach shelter:

• Park safely away from traffic
• Get out of the vehicle and lie flat in a low ditch or depression, covering your head with your hands
• Stay away from trees, cars, and other objects that could be blown onto you.

Additional Tips

• Listen for changes in the wind: If the wind suddenly stops or changes direction, it may be a sign that a tornado is approaching.
• Stay calm: Panicking can hinder your ability to make sound decisions.
• Follow instructions from authorities: Listen to local news and emergency broadcasts for updates and instructions
• Protect your head: Most tornado injuries are caused by flying debris, so protect your head and neck with a helmet, thick blanket, mattress, or other sturdy items if available.
• Be aware of potential hazards after the tornado: Watch out for downed power lines, gas leaks, and structural damage.

After a Tornado

Once the storm has passed, conditions may still be dangerous. Take a moment to assess your surroundings carefully and follow guidance from local authorities before moving around damaged areas.

Check for injuries

Make sure everyone in your household is safe and provide first aid if needed. If someone is seriously injured, call emergency services or seek medical help as soon as it is safe to do so.

Watch for hazards

Downed power lines, broken glass, exposed nails, and gas leaks are common after tornado damage. Avoid touching electrical lines and stay clear of heavily damaged structures that could collapse.

Be cautious before going outside

Even if the tornado has passed, debris, unstable buildings, and live power lines may still pose risks. Wait for official updates when possible and use sturdy shoes and gloves if you need to move through damaged areas.

Listen for official updates

Use a battery-powered radio, weather radio, or phone alerts to stay informed about emergency instructions, road closures, and shelter locations provided by local authorities.

Check on neighbors if it is safe

Once your immediate household is safe, check on nearby neighbors, especially older adults or anyone who may need assistance. Community support is often critical in the first hours after a disaster.

Document damage and begin recovery steps

Take photos of damage to your home and belongings for insurance claims before beginning cleanup. Keep receipts for repairs and temporary expenses that may be covered by insurance or disaster assistance programs.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What is the safest place to shelter during a tornado?

The safest place is a basement or storm shelter. If you do not have one, go to a small interior room, hallway, or bathroom on the lowest floor of a sturdy building, away from windows and exterior walls.

What is the difference between a tornado watch and a tornado warning?

A tornado watch means conditions are favorable for tornadoes to form. A tornado warning means a tornado has been spotted or indicated by radar, and you should take shelter immediately. Check out the National Weather Service for official definitions.

What should be in a tornado emergency kit?

A tornado emergency kit should include water, non-perishable food, a flashlight, extra batteries, a first-aid kit, medications, copies of important documents, a phone charger or crank radio, and sturdy shoes. Helmets or other head protection are also a smart addition.

How can I prepare my home for tornado season?

Start by identifying your safe shelter area, securing outdoor furniture and loose objects, trimming weak branches, reinforcing vulnerable points like garage doors if possible, and making sure everyone in the household knows where to go when a warning is issued.

What should I do if I live in a mobile home during a tornado warning?

Mobile homes are not safe during tornadoes, even if they are tied down. You should leave immediately and go to a designated storm shelter or sturdy nearby building as part of your plan.

Should I open windows during a tornado?

No. Do not waste time opening windows. Focus on getting yourself and everyone in your household to the safest shelter location as quickly as possible.

How do I get tornado alerts if the power or internet goes out?

Use multiple alert methods, such as Wireless Emergency Alerts on your phone, a NOAA Weather Radio, and trusted weather and preparedness apps. Having backup alert options matters in case one method fails.

What should I do right after a tornado passes?

Watch for hazards like downed power lines, broken glass, gas leaks, and structural damage. Check for injuries, follow local emergency guidance, and avoid entering heavily damaged buildings until they are safe.